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| 1 | <?php |
| 2 | /** |
| 3 | * Rate Limiter Service |
| 4 | * |
| 5 | * Provides rate limiting functionality with Redis backend and database fallback. |
| 6 | * Used to protect against brute force attacks on login, password reset, and other sensitive endpoints. |
| 7 | * |
| 8 | * @package BuyerKiosk\Auth\Services |
| 9 | */ |
| 10 | |
| 11 | namespace BuyerKiosk\Auth\Services; |
| 12 | |
| 13 | class RateLimiter |
| 14 | { |
| 15 | /** |
| 16 | * @var \Predis\Client|null Redis client instance |
| 17 | */ |
| 18 | private $redis; |
| 19 | |
| 20 | /** |
| 21 | * @var \PDO|null Database connection for fallback |
| 22 | */ |
| 23 | private $db; |
| 24 | |
| 25 | /** |
| 26 | * @var bool Whether Redis is available |
| 27 | */ |
| 28 | private $redisAvailable = false; |
| 29 | |
| 30 | /** |
| 31 | * Default rate limit configurations |
| 32 | */ |
| 33 | private const LIMITS = [ |
| 34 | 'login' => [ |
| 35 | 'max_attempts' => 10, |
| 36 | 'window_seconds' => 1800, // 30 minutes |
| 37 | 'lockout_seconds' => 1800 // 30 minutes |
| 38 | ], |
| 39 | 'password_reset' => [ |
| 40 | 'max_attempts' => 3, |
| 41 | 'window_seconds' => 3600, // 1 hour |
| 42 | 'lockout_seconds' => 3600 // 1 hour |
| 43 | ], |
| 44 | 'login_user' => [ |
| 45 | 'max_attempts' => 5, |
| 46 | 'window_seconds' => 900, // 15 minutes |
| 47 | 'lockout_seconds' => 900 // 15 minutes |
| 48 | ], |
| 49 | 'mfa_verify' => [ |
| 50 | 'max_attempts' => 5, |
| 51 | 'window_seconds' => 300, // 5 minutes |
| 52 | 'lockout_seconds' => 900 // 15 minutes |
| 53 | ] |
| 54 | ]; |
| 55 | |
| 56 | /** |
| 57 | * Constructor |
| 58 | * |
| 59 | * @param \PDO|null $db Database connection for fallback storage |
| 60 | */ |
| 61 | public function __construct(\PDO $db = null) |
| 62 | { |
| 63 | $this->db = $db; |
| 64 | $this->initRedis(); |
| 65 | } |
| 66 | |
| 67 | /** |
| 68 | * Initialize Redis connection |
| 69 | */ |
| 70 | private function initRedis(): void |
| 71 | { |
| 72 | if (!empty($_ENV['REDIS_URL'])) { |
| 73 | try { |
| 74 | $this->redis = new \Predis\Client($_ENV['REDIS_URL']); |
| 75 | $this->redis->ping(); |
| 76 | $this->redisAvailable = true; |
| 77 | } catch (\Exception $e) { |
| 78 | error_log("RateLimiter: Redis unavailable, falling back to database: " . $e->getMessage()); |
| 79 | $this->redisAvailable = false; |
| 80 | } |
| 81 | } |
| 82 | } |
| 83 | |
| 84 | /** |
| 85 | * Check if an action is rate limited |
| 86 | * |
| 87 | * @param string $action The action type (e.g., 'login', 'password_reset') |
| 88 | * @param string $identifier The identifier (e.g., IP address, email) |
| 89 | * @return RateLimitResult |
| 90 | */ |
| 91 | public function checkLimit(string $action, string $identifier): RateLimitResult |
| 92 | { |
| 93 | $config = $this->getConfig($action); |
| 94 | $key = $this->buildKey($action, $identifier); |
| 95 | |
| 96 | if ($this->redisAvailable) { |
| 97 | return $this->checkRedisLimit($key, $config); |
| 98 | } |
| 99 | |
| 100 | return $this->checkDatabaseLimit($action, $identifier, $config); |
| 101 | } |
| 102 | |
| 103 | /** |
| 104 | * Record a failed attempt |
| 105 | * |
| 106 | * @param string $action The action type |
| 107 | * @param string $identifier The identifier |
| 108 | */ |
| 109 | public function recordFailure(string $action, string $identifier): void |
| 110 | { |
| 111 | $config = $this->getConfig($action); |
| 112 | $key = $this->buildKey($action, $identifier); |
| 113 | |
| 114 | if ($this->redisAvailable) { |
| 115 | $this->recordRedisFailure($key, $config); |
| 116 | } else { |
| 117 | $this->recordDatabaseFailure($action, $identifier, $config); |
| 118 | } |
| 119 | } |
| 120 | |
| 121 | /** |
| 122 | * Clear rate limit attempts (e.g., after successful login) |
| 123 | * |
| 124 | * @param string $action The action type |
| 125 | * @param string $identifier The identifier |
| 126 | */ |
| 127 | public function clearAttempts(string $action, string $identifier): void |
| 128 | { |
| 129 | $key = $this->buildKey($action, $identifier); |
| 130 | |
| 131 | if ($this->redisAvailable) { |
| 132 | $this->redis->del($key); |
| 133 | } elseif ($this->db) { |
| 134 | $stmt = $this->db->prepare(" |
| 135 | DELETE FROM rateLimitAttempts |
| 136 | WHERE action = :action AND identifier = :identifier |
| 137 | "); |
| 138 | $stmt->execute(['action' => $action, 'identifier' => $identifier]); |
| 139 | } |
| 140 | } |
| 141 | |
| 142 | /** |
| 143 | * Get rate limit configuration for an action |
| 144 | * |
| 145 | * @param string $action The action type |
| 146 | * @return array Configuration array |
| 147 | */ |
| 148 | private function getConfig(string $action): array |
| 149 | { |
| 150 | return self::LIMITS[$action] ?? self::LIMITS['login']; |
| 151 | } |
| 152 | |
| 153 | /** |
| 154 | * Build a cache key for rate limiting |
| 155 | * |
| 156 | * @param string $action The action type |
| 157 | * @param string $identifier The identifier |
| 158 | * @return string The cache key |
| 159 | */ |
| 160 | private function buildKey(string $action, string $identifier): string |
| 161 | { |
| 162 | return "ratelimit:{$action}:" . md5($identifier); |
| 163 | } |
| 164 | |
| 165 | /** |
| 166 | * Check rate limit using Redis |
| 167 | * |
| 168 | * @param string $key The cache key |
| 169 | * @param array $config The rate limit configuration |
| 170 | * @return RateLimitResult |
| 171 | */ |
| 172 | private function checkRedisLimit(string $key, array $config): RateLimitResult |
| 173 | { |
| 174 | $data = $this->redis->get($key); |
| 175 | |
| 176 | if ($data === null) { |
| 177 | return new RateLimitResult(false, 0, 0); |
| 178 | } |
| 179 | |
| 180 | $attempts = json_decode($data, true); |
| 181 | $now = time(); |
| 182 | |
| 183 | // Clean old attempts outside the window |
| 184 | $attempts = array_filter($attempts, function($timestamp) use ($now, $config) { |
| 185 | return ($now - $timestamp) < $config['window_seconds']; |
| 186 | }); |
| 187 | |
| 188 | $attemptCount = count($attempts); |
| 189 | $isBlocked = $attemptCount >= $config['max_attempts']; |
| 190 | |
| 191 | $retryAfter = 0; |
| 192 | if ($isBlocked && !empty($attempts)) { |
| 193 | $oldestAttempt = min($attempts); |
| 194 | $retryAfter = max(0, $config['window_seconds'] - ($now - $oldestAttempt)); |
| 195 | } |
| 196 | |
| 197 | return new RateLimitResult($isBlocked, $attemptCount, $retryAfter); |
| 198 | } |
| 199 | |
| 200 | /** |
| 201 | * Record a failure in Redis |
| 202 | * |
| 203 | * @param string $key The cache key |
| 204 | * @param array $config The rate limit configuration |
| 205 | */ |
| 206 | private function recordRedisFailure(string $key, array $config): void |
| 207 | { |
| 208 | $data = $this->redis->get($key); |
| 209 | $attempts = $data ? json_decode($data, true) : []; |
| 210 | $now = time(); |
| 211 | |
| 212 | // Clean old attempts and add new one |
| 213 | $attempts = array_filter($attempts, function($timestamp) use ($now, $config) { |
| 214 | return ($now - $timestamp) < $config['window_seconds']; |
| 215 | }); |
| 216 | $attempts[] = $now; |
| 217 | |
| 218 | $this->redis->setex($key, $config['window_seconds'], json_encode(array_values($attempts))); |
| 219 | } |
| 220 | |
| 221 | /** |
| 222 | * Check rate limit using database fallback |
| 223 | * |
| 224 | * @param string $action The action type |
| 225 | * @param string $identifier The identifier |
| 226 | * @param array $config The rate limit configuration |
| 227 | * @return RateLimitResult |
| 228 | */ |
| 229 | private function checkDatabaseLimit(string $action, string $identifier, array $config): RateLimitResult |
| 230 | { |
| 231 | if (!$this->db) { |
| 232 | // If no database connection, allow the request (fail open for availability) |
| 233 | return new RateLimitResult(false, 0, 0); |
| 234 | } |
| 235 | |
| 236 | $stmt = $this->db->prepare(" |
| 237 | SELECT attempts, lastAttemptAt |
| 238 | FROM rateLimitAttempts |
| 239 | WHERE action = :action AND identifier = :identifier |
| 240 | "); |
| 241 | $stmt->execute(['action' => $action, 'identifier' => $identifier]); |
| 242 | $row = $stmt->fetch(\PDO::FETCH_ASSOC); |
| 243 | |
| 244 | if (!$row) { |
| 245 | return new RateLimitResult(false, 0, 0); |
| 246 | } |
| 247 | |
| 248 | $lastAttempt = strtotime($row['lastAttemptAt']); |
| 249 | $now = time(); |
| 250 | $windowElapsed = $now - $lastAttempt; |
| 251 | |
| 252 | // If outside the window, reset |
| 253 | if ($windowElapsed >= $config['window_seconds']) { |
| 254 | $this->clearAttempts($action, $identifier); |
| 255 | return new RateLimitResult(false, 0, 0); |
| 256 | } |
| 257 | |
| 258 | $attempts = (int)$row['attempts']; |
| 259 | $isBlocked = $attempts >= $config['max_attempts']; |
| 260 | $retryAfter = $isBlocked ? max(0, $config['window_seconds'] - $windowElapsed) : 0; |
| 261 | |
| 262 | return new RateLimitResult($isBlocked, $attempts, $retryAfter); |
| 263 | } |
| 264 | |
| 265 | /** |
| 266 | * Record a failure in database |
| 267 | * |
| 268 | * @param string $action The action type |
| 269 | * @param string $identifier The identifier |
| 270 | * @param array $config The rate limit configuration |
| 271 | */ |
| 272 | private function recordDatabaseFailure(string $action, string $identifier, array $config): void |
| 273 | { |
| 274 | if (!$this->db) { |
| 275 | return; |
| 276 | } |
| 277 | |
| 278 | // Try to update existing record, or insert new one |
| 279 | $stmt = $this->db->prepare(" |
| 280 | INSERT INTO rateLimitAttempts (action, identifier, attempts, lastAttemptAt, createdAt) |
| 281 | VALUES (:action, :identifier, 1, NOW(), NOW()) |
| 282 | ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE |
| 283 | attempts = IF( |
| 284 | TIMESTAMPDIFF(SECOND, lastAttemptAt, NOW()) >= :window, |
| 285 | 1, |
| 286 | attempts + 1 |
| 287 | ), |
| 288 | lastAttemptAt = NOW() |
| 289 | "); |
| 290 | $stmt->execute([ |
| 291 | 'action' => $action, |
| 292 | 'identifier' => $identifier, |
| 293 | 'window' => $config['window_seconds'] |
| 294 | ]); |
| 295 | } |
| 296 | } |
| 297 | |
| 298 | /** |
| 299 | * Result object for rate limit checks |
| 300 | */ |
| 301 | class RateLimitResult |
| 302 | { |
| 303 | /** |
| 304 | * @var bool Whether the request is blocked |
| 305 | */ |
| 306 | private $blocked; |
| 307 | |
| 308 | /** |
| 309 | * @var int Number of attempts made |
| 310 | */ |
| 311 | private $attempts; |
| 312 | |
| 313 | /** |
| 314 | * @var int Seconds until the rate limit resets |
| 315 | */ |
| 316 | private $retryAfter; |
| 317 | |
| 318 | /** |
| 319 | * Constructor |
| 320 | * |
| 321 | * @param bool $blocked Whether the request is blocked |
| 322 | * @param int $attempts Number of attempts made |
| 323 | * @param int $retryAfter Seconds until the rate limit resets |
| 324 | */ |
| 325 | public function __construct(bool $blocked, int $attempts, int $retryAfter) |
| 326 | { |
| 327 | $this->blocked = $blocked; |
| 328 | $this->attempts = $attempts; |
| 329 | $this->retryAfter = $retryAfter; |
| 330 | } |
| 331 | |
| 332 | /** |
| 333 | * Check if the request is blocked |
| 334 | * |
| 335 | * @return bool |
| 336 | */ |
| 337 | public function isBlocked(): bool |
| 338 | { |
| 339 | return $this->blocked; |
| 340 | } |
| 341 | |
| 342 | /** |
| 343 | * Get the number of attempts |
| 344 | * |
| 345 | * @return int |
| 346 | */ |
| 347 | public function getAttempts(): int |
| 348 | { |
| 349 | return $this->attempts; |
| 350 | } |
| 351 | |
| 352 | /** |
| 353 | * Get seconds until retry is allowed |
| 354 | * |
| 355 | * @return int |
| 356 | */ |
| 357 | public function getRetryAfter(): int |
| 358 | { |
| 359 | return $this->retryAfter; |
| 360 | } |
| 361 | } |